Understanding and addressing fault codes in the Volvo D13 engine is crucial for maintaining optimal performance and preventing unexpected breakdowns.

Fault codes provide insights into specific issues within the engine, allowing for precise troubleshooting and repairs. This guide elaborates on common fault codes, their meanings, and recommended troubleshooting steps.

Key Terminologies

  • SPN (Suspect Parameter Number): Identifies the parameter in which the fault is detected.
  • FMI (Failure Mode Identifier): Describes the type of fault detected.
  • MID (Message Identifier): Identifies the control module reporting the fault.

Comprehensive Volvo D13 Fault Code Table

Fault CodeDescriptionPotential Cause(s)Troubleshooting Steps
SPN 84 FMI 9Wheel-Based Vehicle SpeedAbnormal update rateCheck VSS and VECU for faults or disconnections
SPN 91 FMI 9Accelerator Pedal Position 1Abnormal update rateInspect the accelerator pedal sensor and VECU
SPN 94 FMI 3Engine Fuel Delivery PressureVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect fuel pressure sensor and related wiring for shorts or damage
SPN 97 FMI 0Water in Fuel IndicatorWater detected in fuel supplyDrain the fuel water separator, check for water in fuel tank, replace fuel filter if necessary
SPN 98 FMI 1Engine Oil LevelCritically low oil levelCheck the engine oil level, refill as needed, inspect for oil leaks, monitor oil consumption
SPN 100 FMI 1Engine Oil PressureLow oil pressureVerify oil pressure with gauge, check oil filter, oil pump, and pressure sensor
SPN 102 FMI 2Boost PressureAbnormal boost pressureInspect turbocharger, boost pressure sensor, intercooler, and piping; conduct pressure test
SPN 105 FMI 2Intake Manifold TemperatureAbnormal temperature in the intake manifoldInspect intake manifold temperature sensor, wiring, clean intake manifold, verify EGR system
SPN 108 FMI 2Barometric PressureAbnormal barometric pressureInspect barometric pressure sensor and its connections
SPN 110 FMI 0Engine Coolant TemperatureCritically high coolant temperatureCheck coolant level, thermostat, cooling fan, radiator; replace faulty components
SPN 111 FMI 1Engine Coolant LevelCritically low coolant levelInspect coolant level sensor, wiring, coolant system for leaks; refill coolant and repair leaks
SPN 153 FMI 0High-Resolution Crankcase PressureCritically high crankcase pressureInspect crankcase ventilation system, separator, hoses, pipes; replace faulty components
SPN 158 FMI 0Keyswitch Battery PotentialAbnormally high or low battery voltageCheck charging system, battery, ground connections; replace battery if necessary
SPN 171 FMI 2Ambient Air TemperatureAbnormal ambient air temperatureInspect ambient air temperature sensor and connections; replace if faulty
SPN 173 FMI 0Exhaust Gas TemperatureCritically high exhaust gas temperatureInspect exhaust system, EGT sensor, turbocharger, aftertreatment system for faults or blockages
SPN 190 FMI 0Engine SpeedEngine overspeedingCheck ECM, crankcase oil filter, transmission, engine brake, transmission operation
SPN 228 FMI 9Speed Sensor CalibrationAbnormal update rateInspect vehicle ECU and calibration factor messages on SAE J1587 data link
SPN 237 FMI 2Vehicle Identification NumberNo response from VINCheck VIN data link, inspect ECM, VECU, and LCM for VIN data
SPN 245 FMI 9Total Vehicle DistanceAbnormal update rateInspect vehicle ECU and data link messages
SPN 251 FMI 2TimeIntermittent or incorrect time dataCheck instrument cluster, wiring, and time data links
SPN 252 FMI 9DateAbnormal update rateInspect instrument cluster, wiring, and date data links
SPN 411 FMI 2EGR Differential PressureAbnormal EGR differential pressureInspect EGR valve, pressure sensor, cooler, piping, hoses; clean or replace faulty components
SPN 412 FMI 0EGR TemperatureAbnormally high EGR temperatureInspect EGR system, cooler, temperature sensor, wiring
SPN 558 FMI 3Accelerator Pedal 1 Idle Validation SwitchHigh voltage or short circuit to high sourceCheck IVS, wiring, connections
SPN 626 FMI 3Intake Air Heater RelayHigh voltage or short circuit to high sourceInspect intake air heater relay, wiring, connections
SPN 628 FMI 2Program MemoryData erratic, intermittent, or incorrectChecksum error in ECM software
SPN 629 FMI 8Electronic Control Unit 1Abnormal frequency, pulse width, or periodSelf-test failure in ECM
SPN 630 FMI 2Calibration MemoryData erratic, intermittent, or incorrectChecksum error in ECM software
SPN 631 FMI 3Calibration ModuleHigh voltage or short circuit to high sourceChecksum error in ECM calibration memory
SPN 633 FMI 3Engine Fuel Actuator 1 Control CommandVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceCheck fuel actuator solenoid, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 636 FMI 2Camshaft Position SensorIntermittent or incorrect camshaft position sensor signalInspect camshaft position sensor, wiring, ECM
SPN 637 FMI 3Crankshaft Position SensorMissing or incorrect crankshaft position sensor signalInspect crankshaft position sensor, wiring, ECM
SPN 639 FMI 9SAE J1939 Data Link 1Abnormal update rate on SAE J1939 data linkInspect data link connections, wiring, ECM
SPN 641 FMI 3Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator 1High voltage or short circuit to high sourceInspect turbocharger actuator, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 647 FMI 3Engine Fan Clutch Output Device DriverVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect fan clutch output device, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 651 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 1Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 652 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 2Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 653 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 3Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 654 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 4Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 655 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 5Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 656 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 6Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 677 FMI 3Engine Starter Motor RelayVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect starter motor relay, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 729 FMI 3Intake Air Heater 1Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect intake air heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 730 FMI 3Intake Air Heater 2Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect intake air heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 975 FMI 0Estimated Percent Fan SpeedData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect fan speed sensor, wiring, ECM driver
Volvo Fault Code Table 01 ( D13 )

Comprehensive Volvo D13 Fault Code Table 02

Fault CodeDescriptionPotential Cause(s)Troubleshooting Steps
SPN 637 FMI 3Crankshaft Position SensorMissing or incorrect crankshaft position sensor signalInspect crankshaft position sensor, wiring, ECM
SPN 639 FMI 9SAE J1939 Data Link 1Abnormal update rate on SAE J1939 data linkInspect data link connections, wiring, ECM
SPN 641 FMI 3Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger Actuator 1High voltage or short circuit to high sourceInspect turbocharger actuator, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 647 FMI 3Engine Fan Clutch Output Device DriverVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect fan clutch output device, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 651 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 1Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 652 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 2Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 653 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 3Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 654 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 4Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 655 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 5Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 656 FMI 3Engine Injector Cylinder 6Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect injector, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 677 FMI 3Engine Starter Motor RelayVoltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect starter motor relay, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 729 FMI 3Intake Air Heater 1Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect intake air heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 730 FMI 3Intake Air Heater 2Voltage above normal or shorted to high sourceInspect intake air heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 975 FMI 0Estimated Percent Fan SpeedData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect fan speed sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1072 FMI 0Engine Compression Brake Output 1Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect compression brake, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1127 FMI 0Engine Turbocharger Intake Manifold Pressure (IMP)Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect turbocharger, intake manifold pressure sensor, wiring
SPN 1136 FMI 0Engine Control Module (ECM) TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect ECM temperature sensor, wiring, cooling system
SPN 1198 FMI 0Anti-Theft Random NumberData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect anti-theft system, wiring, ECM
SPN 1231 FMI 0SAE J1939 Data Link 2Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect data link connections, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1265 FMI 0Engine Piston Cooling Oil Pressure ActuatorData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect piston cooling oil pressure actuator, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1322 FMI 0Engine Misfire for Multiple CylindersData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect injectors, wiring, ECM
SPN 1659 FMI 0Engine Coolant System ThermostatData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect thermostat, cooling system, wiring
SPN 1675 FMI 0Engine Starter ModeData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect starter motor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1677 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Auxiliary Heater ModeData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF system, auxiliary heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 1761 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank LevelData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF tank level sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 2003 FMI 0Transmission Control Module (TCM) StatusData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect TCM, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 2017 FMI 0Cruise Control StatusData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect cruise control system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 2029 FMI 0Invalid or Missing Data from Vehicle ECUData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect vehicle ECU, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 2629 FMI 0Engine Turbocharger Compressor Outlet TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect turbocharger, compressor outlet temperature sensor, wiring
SPN 2659 FMI 0Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Mass Flow RateData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect EGR system, mass flow rate sensor, wiring
SPN 2791 FMI 0Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve ControlData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect EGR valve, control system, wiring
SPN 2836 FMI 0Battery Potential/Switched VoltageData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect battery, switched voltage sensor, wiring
SPN 3031 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF tank temperature sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3064 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF System MonitorData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF system monitor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3216 FMI 0Aftertreatment Intake NOxData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect intake NOx sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3226 FMI 0Aftertreatment Outlet NOxData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect outlet NOx sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3245 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Outlet TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF outlet temperature sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3249 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Intake TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF intake temperature sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3251 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Differential PressureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF differential pressure sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3363 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank HeaterData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF tank heater, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3471 FMI 0Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Control ActuatorData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect fuel pressure control actuator, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3480 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Fuel PressureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF fuel pressure sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3483 FMI 0Aftertreatment Regeneration StatusData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect regeneration system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3492 FMI 0Aftertreatment 1 Air System RelayData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect air system relay, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3509 FMI 0Sensor Supply Voltage 1Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect sensor supply voltage, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3510 FMI 0Sensor Supply Voltage 2Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect sensor supply voltage, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3511 FMI 0Sensor Supply Voltage 3Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect sensor supply voltage, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3512 FMI 0Sensor Supply Voltage 4Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect sensor supply voltage, wiring, ECM driver
Volvo Fault Code Table 02 ( D13 )

Here’s the continuation of the detailed table with comprehensive descriptions and troubleshooting steps for the Volvo D13 fault codes:

Fault CodeDescriptionPotential Cause(s)Troubleshooting Steps
SPN 3522 FMI 0Aftertreatment Total Fuel UsedData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect total fuel used sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3556 FMI 0Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon DoserData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect hydrocarbon doser, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3597 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Regeneration too FrequentData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF regeneration system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3675 FMI 0Engine Turbocharger Compressor Bypass Valve PositionData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect turbocharger bypass valve, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3720 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF Ash Load PercentData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF ash load sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 3936 FMI 0Aftertreatment DPF SystemData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DPF system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4094 FMI 0NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Insufficient Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) QualityData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF quality, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4095 FMI 0NOx Limits Exceeded Due to Interrupted Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) DosingData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF dosing system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4334 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Absolute PressureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF dosing system pressure sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4339 FMI 0Aftertreatment SCR Feedback Control StatusData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect SCR feedback control system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4354 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Line Heater 1Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF line heater 1, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4356 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Line Heater 3Data valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF line heater 3, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4374 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Pump Motor SpeedData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF pump motor speed sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4375 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Pump Drive PercentageData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF pump drive system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4376 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Return ValveData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF return valve, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4752 FMI 0Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler EfficiencyData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect EGR cooler efficiency, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4811 FMI 0Engine Piston Cooling Oil PressureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect piston cooling oil pressure sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4813 FMI 0Engine Oil Thermostat Bypass Valve OpeningData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect oil thermostat bypass valve, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 4815 FMI 0Engine Cooling Fan Thermal Switch PositionData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect cooling fan thermal switch, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5246 FMI 0Aftertreatment SCR Operator Inducement SeverityData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect SCR system inducement severity, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5285 FMI 0Charge Air Cooler (CAC) TemperatureData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect CAC temperature sensor, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5298 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Conversion EfficiencyData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DOC conversion efficiency, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5392 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing Valve Loss of PrimeData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF dosing valve, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5394 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Dosing ValveData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF dosing valve, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5443 FMI 0Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing SystemData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect hydrocarbon dosing system, wiring, ECM driver
SPN 5485 FMI 0Aftertreatment Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Pump OrificeData valid but above normal operational rangeInspect DEF pump orifice, wiring, ECM driver
Volvo Fault Code Table 03 ( D13 )

This table includes a comprehensive list of fault codes for the Volvo D13 engine, detailing potential causes and troubleshooting steps to help diagnose and address each issue effectively.

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